The JVM Architecture

The JVM (Java Virtual Machine) architecture consists of several components that work together to provide a runtime environment for executing Java programs. Here’s a brief overview of the architecture:

1. Class Loader: The class loader is responsible for loading class files into the JVM. It searches for class files in the classpath, which is a list of directories and jar files that contain classes.
2. Execution Engine: The execution engine is responsible for executing the bytecode that is generated by the Java compiler. It consists of two components: the interpreter and the just-in-time (JIT) compiler.
3. Memory Management: The memory management system is responsible for allocating and deallocating memory for Java objects. It consists of two parts: the heap and the stack. The heap is used for storing objects, while the stack is used for storing local variables and method calls.
4. Garbage Collector: The garbage collector is responsible for reclaiming memory that is no longer in use by the Java program. It periodically scans the heap for objects that are no longer referenced by the program and frees the memory they occupy.
5. Native Method Interface (JNI): The JNI provides a mechanism for Java programs to call native code written in other programming languages, such as C or C++. It allows Java programs to access system resources and libraries that are not available in the Java runtime environment.
6. Java Native Interface (JNI): The Java Native Interface (JNI) provides a mechanism for Java programs to call native code written in other programming languages, such as C or C++. It allows Java programs to access system resources and libraries that are not available in the Java runtime environment.

Together, these components form the architecture of the JVM, which provides a platform-independent runtime environment for Java programs. The JVM interprets Java bytecode and provides automatic memory management, allowing Java programs to be executed on a wide variety of hardware and operating systems.