Strings
Strigns
In C programming language, a string is an array of characters that is terminated by a null character (‘\0’). Strings in C are represented using character arrays.
To declare a string in C, you can use the following syntax:
char string_name[length];
Here, string_name is the name of the string, and length is the maximum number of characters that the string can hold. For example, to declare a string that can hold up to 50 characters, you can use the following code:
char my_string[50];
To initialize a string, you can use the following syntax:
char string_name[] = "string_value";
Here, string_name is the name of the string, and string_value is the initial value of the string. Note that you don’t need to specify the length of the string explicitly, as the compiler will automatically determine the length based on the number of characters in the initialization string.
You can also initialize a string using a character array:
char my_array[] = {'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'}; char my_string[] = "hello";
Here, my_array and my_string are equivalent.
We can also declare a string using a pointer to a character:
char *str = "Hello, world!";
This declares a pointer str that points to the string “Hello, world!” stored in memory. Note that in this case, the string is stored in read-only memory, and we should not attempt to modify it.
We can perform various operations on strings in C, such as concatenation, copying, and comparison. To do this, we use library functions such as strcpy, strcat, and strcmp. Here is an example of concatenating two strings:
char str1[] = "Hello, ";
char str2[] = "world!";
char result[50];
strcpy(result, str1);
strcat(result, str2);
printf("%s\n", result); // Output: Hello, world!
In this example, we declare two strings str1 and str2, and we concatenate them into a new string result. We first use strcpy to copy str1 into result, and then use strcat to append str2 to the end of result.
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